A ban on minors being tested for HIV is
preventing the Philippines from tackling a surge in infections, particularly
among young men
When Rey*
first got an HIV test, his mother went with him. He was 17 and her consent was
required by law.
“My mum
and I are pretty close. She has no issues about me being gay and is really
supportive. But I know a lot of my friends wouldn’t dare bring their mums with
them to get an HIV test,” says Rey, from Palawan.
His test
came back positive and although it frightened him, Rey couldn’t say he was
surprised.
Sexual
initiation came early but condom use did not. He was 14 when he had his first
sexual encounter; 16 when he tried to buy condoms at the local pharmacy.
Condoms were placed behind the counter. Rey had to endure the awkwardness of
telling the cashier he wanted to buy condoms and the knowing looks he got.
Asia's Aids epidemic needs urgent action to
prevent even more deaths
“It was
bad enough that people in line heard me and knew what I wanted to buy. But the
cashier kept looking at me and I could feel her sizing me up. It made me feel
so small,” he says. Rey did not try buying condoms again.
“When I
started having sex, I didn’t know anything about condoms. When I tried to buy
them, I couldn’t. It was just too embarrassing. In a way, getting HIV was
inevitable,” he says.
The
Philippines, an archipelago of more than 100 million people in south-east Asia,
is experiencing a surge in infections. Of the more than 40,000 people living
with HIV, the majority were diagnosed in the past five years and many are young
men (pdf).
Activists
blame the increase on outdated laws and the grip of the Catholic church, which
has sought to restrict safe sex programmes, sex education and efforts to
distribute condoms to at-risk groups.
Homosexuality
is legal, but the law prohibits people under 18 from getting an HIV test or
taking free condoms from public health clinics without parental consent.
Attempts
by politicians to lower the age of testing without consent to 15 failed to gain
sufficient support, leaving many young people without the means to protect
themselves.
“Comprehensive
sex education was never really taught in school. There is a gap in the
knowledge of communicating HIV and STI [sexually transmitted infections]
prevention on the side of teachers and even healthcare providers,” says Mario
Balibago, HIV programme officer for the UN children’s agency, Unicef.
Lack of
awareness has resulted in risky sexual behaviour among teenagers.
A study
by the Department of Health on sexual behaviour among young gay men (pdf) said
adolescents were using social networking accounts and cruising sites to meet
partners. From 2011 to 2015, newly diagnosed HIV cases among the most affected
populations – predominantly young men and transgender people who have sex with
men – increased by 230% (pdf).
Cris
Pablo, executive creative director of the LoveLife Project, an organisation
that raises awareness about HIV, says young people have had sex in exchange for
playing online games.
“Playing
is an all-night activity, there is betting involved and, inevitably, they run
out of money. Selling quick sex is an easy solution. The exchange is done in a
dark corner outside the internet shops, behind parked vans or secret places
identified by the boys as their ‘hang out’ place,” says Pablo.
The
health ministry estimates (pdf) that nearly 10,000 adolescents have HIV, but
only 10% have been diagnosed. Fewer than 400 are enrolled on anti-retroviral
(ARV) therapy.
“We
cannot treat them if we cannot diagnose them,” says Dr Genesis Samonte, head of
the health ministry’s HIV and Aids unit. “If we don’t identify them and get
them on ARV now, these adolescents are going to die within the next 10 years.”
Authorising
doctors to give proxy consent for minors who want to get tested is reportedly
being discussed.
Quezon
City, the largest city in metropolitan Manila, has one of the fastest growing
HIV infection rates in the country. In response, the local health department
launched a free testing campaign at cruising sites and set up clinics open
until 11pm to offer people privacy and the convenience of getting tested after
office hours.
At a
recreational centre where students hang out after class, counsellors hold
sessions on HIV and hand out condoms and lubricants. “The law says we cannot
give out contraceptives to minors. But we are giving out condoms as a
prevention tool, not as a family planning tool,” says Dr Rolly Cruz,
epidemiologist at the city’s health department.
The
government is also trying to reach teens at school. A sexuality education
module for grade eight (students aged 13 to 14) is being tested on 3,000
students in Quezon City. The module will be revised based on the test run and
is set for full implementation next school year.
“There
has been no opposition from the school district. We see from what is happening
around us that there is a need for HIV prevention education. We hope that there
will be no opposition from the church,” says Cruz.
*Name has
been changed
This
story was supported by a grant from the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting
No comments:
Post a Comment